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Endurance muscles8/17/2023 Another aim was to correlate functions of muscle fatigue throughout 10 weeks of training with endurance strength values.Įlbow-extensor strength training was performed on an isoacceleration dynamometer (model Dyno Concept 2, Inc, Morrisville, VT). Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the value of elbow-extensor exercise-induced fatigue (as a result of a series of multiple consequent contractions) and to evaluate characteristics of the changes during strength training by applying identical training and testing procedures. But no follow-up of strength decrease or fatigue changes throughout the training was reported in these studies.įurthermore, to our knowledge, no researcher has investigated the effects of strength training for elbow extensors on fatigue rate change throughout multiple muscle contractions and time. For example, Roman et al 9 observed that after 12 weeks of heavy-resistance training of elbow flexors in 5 elderly men, the amount of work a participant could perform during a 25-repetition test increased by 41%, together with changes in muscle volume and peak torque. Data on upper extremities are scarce, and only a few investigators have dealt with training the elbow flexors 9 or extensors 6, 18 with a follow-up on training-induced maximal muscle strength and endurance increase in relation to muscle volume change. Ahtiainen and Hakkinen 17 found decreases in maximal isometric force of knee extensors of 34% and 44%, on average, after 4 series of 12 repetitions in strength athletes and nonathletes, respectively. Izquierdo et al 16 examined how a 7-week resistance training protocol affected an exercise-induced fatigue task conducted on the quadriceps muscles (5 × 10-repetition maximum leg presses). Delayed development of exercise-induced leg fatigue as a result of isometric strength training has been demonstrated through the assessment of maximal isometric voluntary contractions. Only a limited number of authors have examined the effects of training on dynamic exercise-induced fatigue in upper- or lower-body muscle groups. Greig and Siegler 14 investigated the influence of soccer-specific fatigue on peak eccentric torque and showed that eccentric peak hamstrings torque deteriorated as a function of exercise duration throughout the simulated match and after the passive halftime interval. Several studies 13 – 15 have dealt with changes in different muscle strength values as a result of a variety of training protocols. Whether some functional properties improve in linear fashion and when the plateau can be reached in different training regimens remain unclear. At the same time, the dynamics of change of different aspects of strength and endurance during training are not well known. Only limited data address the dynamics of fatigue change throughout prolonged training activities, especially in a nonathletic population. Different strength measurements show different functions over time as a result of the adaptation process. Decrease in fatigability is also partially influenced by these mechanisms. Muscle strength gain is the result of neural and metabolic components, and their domination varies throughout the training process. 10 Many muscle properties change during fatigue, including the action potential, extracellular and intracellular ions, and intracellular metabolites. A range of mechanisms have been identified that contribute to the decline of performance. 10 – 12 It is also modified during the training process. Muscle fatigue, defined as the inability of a muscle to generate force or power, is an important factor in exercise performance and muscle functional capacity that significantly limits physical performance. Muscle endurance can be expressed as a strength decrease that represents the development of fatigability during training sessions. Endurance is the ability of a muscle to maintain its function throughout time and multiple contractions. In any case, the objective of a training program is to increase the function of skeletal muscles, which relates not only to maximal muscle strength and power but also to endurance and fatigue. 6 – 8 Surely, the adaptation effects are also closely related to age, genetic predisposition, muscle or fiber types, previous training history, and hormonal or other influences. More repetitions in a series with smaller loads and longer interseries intervals increase endurance. A greater increase in strength is accomplished with maximal loads, a smaller number of repetitions, and shorter rest periods between sessions. 1 – 5 Different effects are expected from different intensities, frequencies, and durations of a training protocol. Strength training leads to functional and morphologic adaptations of skeletal muscles.
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